How Does Fencing Work? Learning the Basics of this Historic Sport

Of all the sports that our children might show interest in, fencing is perhaps the most unusual. Indeed, few parents are prepared to face the conversation “I want to fight my friends with swords” with grace and understanding. Ultimately though, the strangeness of fencing over something more commonplace like basketball, is far more of a benefit than a black mark against it. Truth be told, fencing does seem like a pretty cool sport for a kid to be interested in trying. Moreover, there are plenty of opportunities for athletes of all ages to safely enjoy this rather specialized Olympic sport.

Whether you like it or not, there’s no denying that fencing is an exciting and fast-paced sport. It combines athleticism, strategy, and history in one convenient, dynamic package. Fencing is often likened to a sort of “physical chess” by some athletes and fans because it requires quick thinking, precise movements, and a deep understanding of your opponent’s actions.

For children and beginners, fencing offers a unique way for them to stay active, develop discipline, and feel a bit like Inigo Montoya for a few minutes. Remember, this is a sport that can trace its origins back several, centuries, to a time when the crossing of swords was far more than just an athletic pursuit. In those days of duels and scorned honor, fencing could be a matter of life and death. These days, not so much. The blunted tips of fencing swords are simply a means of creating a harmless tableau, a shadow puppetry performance of a formerly dangerous skirmish.

In this article, we will explore the fascinating history of this interesting sport. We will lay out the rules of engagement for the game, familiarize you with the necessary equipment, and give parents some tips for getting their kids started. So draw swords, fair readers, and en garde!

A Brief History of Fencing

Most readers will be familiar with fencing thanks to the number of famous sword fights strewn all over pop culture. Perhaps you recall seeing it in films like The Count of Monte Cristo, The Princess Bride, Pirates of the Caribbean, The Three Musketeers, or The Mask of Zorro. No matter where you’ve seen it, it is easy to see why a rambunctious kid might be drawn to the idea of it. Fencing is not some contrivance of the Golden Age of Hollywood, however, it has roots that go back thousands of years. What once started as a form of combat with swords has since evolved into a sport celebrated worldwide for its skill and strategy.

Ancient Origins

Swordsmanship goes back to the very invention of swords themselves. In ancient civilizations like Egypt, these swords were khopeshes, curved blades that have become indicative of Egyptian culture. In Greece and Rome, they used the kopis or the gladius, short, stylized swords that are now synonymous with that epoch and those cultures. Swords evolved over time and developed differently depending on the culture in question. No matter the size or shape of the sword, however, each and every one of them was used for either warfare or dueling.

The Rise of Fencing Schools

It wasn’t until the 15th and 16th centuries, that fencing as we know it, first came to be. If one had to place a specific place and time, one might look at Spain and/or Italy in the 15th century, and at the invention of the rapier. The term “rapier” comes from the 16th-century French word rapière, which comes from the Spanish espada ropera, or “dress sword.” The sword, which was sharp but more blunt than say a cutlass or longsword, was invented as a way of making duels, well, not bloodless per se, but at least not so deadly.

It was around this time that fencing schools began appearing across Europe. Master swordsmen taught techniques and skills for dueling and self-defense. As might be expected from the nomenclature, Italy, Spain, and France became veritable hubs for fencing. The lessons of fencing gleaned during that time and in those countries, greatly influenced the modern sport that we know and love.

Fencing in the Olympics

When the modern Olympic Games began in 1896, fencing was one of the first sports to be included in the roster. Sure, new sports are added now and again, and there is even a hope among some that lightsaber dueling (yes, it’s a real sport) might be added one day, but fencing remains somewhat eternally on the roster, In fact, fencing remains one of only five sports to appear in every Olympic Games; a testament to its enduring popularity.

What is Fencing?

The bloody history of the sport notwithstanding, the modern version comes with a set of defined rules, various pieces of safety equipment, and global competitions from colleges all the way up to the Olympics. In its modern form, fencing is a sport where two competitors face off using swords. No, the winner is not the first person to end the other’s life or some such nonsense. This was the old, more courtly form, and we shant discuss it. Instead, the game is played in points. Combatants score points by touching their opponent in specific target areas.

The Three Types of Fencing

There are three main disciplines when it comes to fencing. Each of these disciplines comes with its own rules, techniques, and sword types.

Foil

• The Weapon: The foil is a lightweight sword with a flexible blade.
• Target Area: Only the torso (including the back) is a valid target area for scoring points, which means other areas are off limits. No head-hunting please.
• Scoring: Points are scored with the tip of the blade, only.
• Right-of-Way Rule: In foil fencing, the right-of-way rule determines which fencer gets the point when both land a touch simultaneously.

Épée

• The Weapon: The épée is a bit heavier than a foil and has a stiffer blade.
• Target Area: In épée style fencing, the entire body is a valid target, from head to toe.
• Scoring: Points are scored with the tip of the blade. There is no right-of-way rule, so whoever lands a touch first gets the point.

Sabre

• The Weapon: The sabre is a light, curved weapon, more akin to a historical cavalry sword than a modern foil. That said, this type of fencing is NOT performed on horseback.
• Target Area: The upper body, including the head and arms, are all game to target.
• Scoring: Points can be scored with the edge or tip of the blade. Like foil, sabre also uses the right-of-way rule.

Essential Fencing Equipment

This is the section that concerned parents have been waiting to read. For all this talk of bloody history, tools, blades, and combat, modern fencing is all about safety. Whether it’s kids or adults engaging in swordplay, safety is a top priority when it comes to fencing. Fencers use specialized gear to protect themselves while competing. Here’s what every fencer needs:

Protective Clothing

• Fencing Jacket: A padded, long-sleeved jacket to protect the torso.
• Plastron: An extra layer of padding worn under the jacket to protect the sword arm.
• Breeches: Knee-length pants made of durable material.
• Glove: A glove worn on the sword hand for grip and protection.

Mask

Sword

Each type of fencing uses a specific sword: foil, épée, or sabre. All of these modern versions of the weapons are designed for sport and have blunt tips for safety.

Chest Protector

This padding is an optional piece for some competitors and mandatory for others (like women and younger fencers), the chest protector adds an extra layer of safety.

Electric Scoring Equipment

Competitive fencing competitions utilize electric scoring systems that detect when a fencer lands a touch on their opponent. This includes:

• Lame: A metallic vest worn in foil and sabre fencing to determine valid touches.
• Body Cord: A wire connecting the sword to the scoring system.

How a Fencing Match Works

A fencing match is called a bout, but what it really is a duel between two fencers. Here’s a step-by-step breakdown of how the whole process works:

The En Garde Position

When you hear a player say “en garde” it refers to the position that fencers stand in at the start of the match. Before the match begins, both fencers set themselves up into this “en garde” position. This stance ensures they’re ready to move and defend themselves.

The Bout

Fencing has a referee, who keeps things civil and prevents any sort of illegal touches or foul behavior. That referee starts the match with the command “Fence!” After which, the fencers attempt to score points by landing touches on their opponent’s valid target area.

Scoring Points

Each type of fencing has players scoring points in a different way.

• Foil and Épée: Points are scored with the tip of the blade.
• Sabre: Points can be scored with the edge or tip of the blade.

Winning the Match

Bouts are typically won by the first fencer to reach a set number of points (usually 15) or by having the most points when time runs out.

Basic Fencing Techniques

To become a skilled fencer, your child will need to master a few basic techniques.

Footwork

• Advance: A step forward to close the distance with your opponent.
• Retreat: A step backward to maintain distance or avoid an attack.
• Lunge: A powerful step forward with one leg to extend your reach and attack.

Attacks

• Straight Attack: A direct thrust toward your opponent.
• Feint: A fake attack to draw your opponent into reacting, followed by the real attack.
• Riposte: A counterattack after successfully blocking your opponent’s strike.

Defense

• Parry: A movement to deflect your opponent’s blade and prevent a touch.
• Counter-Parry: A defensive move to regain control if your opponent counters your parry.

Benefits of Fencing for Kids

So, you know how fencing works and why it’s safe, but why in the world would fencing make a good sport for your child? For one, fencing is fun! There are other benefits as well, including the fact that it is great for physical and mental development.

Improves Coordination and Balance

Fencers need to learn how to use precise movements and footwork to succeed against equally-skilled opponents. This enhances coordination and balance in young athletes.

Builds Focus and Discipline

The strategy and concentration required in fencing teaches young athletes to stay focused and disciplined.

Promotes Physical Fitness

It might not look like it at first glance, but fencing is a full-body workout! Kids who fence can benefit from improved strength, endurance, and agility.

Encourages Strategic Thinking

Like chess, fencing is often played in the mind, as much as it is in the moment. This sport requires quick decision-making and problem-solving skills that can help kids in other areas of life, as well.

Fosters Confidence

Learning to fence and mastering new techniques can boost a child’s confidence and self-esteem.

Fencing in Competition

Competitions represent excellent opportunities for kids who want to take their fencing skills to the next level and challenge themselves.

Levels of Competition

• Local Clubs: Fencing clubs are a great starting point for beginners.
• Regional Tournaments: These larger events offer kids a chance to compete against fencers from other clubs.
• National and International Events: These types of competitions are mostly reserved for advanced fencers aiming for high-level competition.

Sportsmanship in Fencing

Fencing is a sport that is born of respect and decorum. Not only do fencers salute their opponents and the referee before and after a bout, they are meant to observe the rules of their discipline and always fight with honor. The emphasis on fair play and camaraderie is a main driver for many parents who wish to have their children start fencing.

Cultured Athlete Says…

We hope that this has enlightened some readers to the amazing world of sports competition that is fencing. This thrilling and unique sport combines history, strategy, honor, and athleticism in a very meaningful way. For children and teens, fencing offers young athletes fun way to stay active, learn valuable life skills, and connect with a global community of fencers. So grab a mask, pick up a sword, step onto the strip, and let’s get ready to duel!